Dolphins identify themselves with a unique whistle that scientists have likened to a human name. Here's how they decide what to call themselves.
, calling out their names if they are lost. Additional information, such as reproductive status, can be conveyed by changing the volume of different parts of the whistle, not unlike how people emphasize certain words to add nuance.
But not all scientists view habitat and group size as the main drivers of signature whistles. Jason Bruck, a biologist at Stephen F. Austin State University, believes that social factors play a crucial role. He points to awhere dolphins created unique signature whistles using inspiration from community members. Crucially, the dolphins tended to base their whistles on cetaceans that they spent less time with. “This avoids the problem of every dolphin being named John Smith,” Bruck says.
Sayigh believes that factors such as sociability play a role. For example, gregarious mothers expose their calves to a greater variety of signature whistles, giving the calf more sounds to add to their repertoire. Demonstrating this in wild populations, however, proves tricky.
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Seascape genomics of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) reveals adaptive diversity linked to regional and local oceanography - BMC Ecology and EvolutionBackground High levels of standing genomic variation in wide-ranging marine species may enhance prospects for their long-term persistence. Patterns of connectivity and adaptation in such species are often thought to be influenced by spatial factors, environmental heterogeneity, and oceanographic and geomorphological features. Population-level studies that analytically integrate genome-wide data with environmental information (i.e., seascape genomics) have the potential to inform the spatial distribution of adaptive diversity in wide-ranging marine species, such as many marine mammals. We assessed genotype-environment associations (GEAs) in 214 common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) along | 3000 km of the southern coast of Australia. Results We identified 747 candidate adaptive SNPs out of a filtered panel of 17,327 SNPs, and five putatively locally-adapted populations with high levels of standing genomic variation were disclosed along environmentally heterogeneous coasts. Current velocity, sea surface temperature, salinity, and primary productivity were the key environmental variables associated with genomic variation. These environmental variables are in turn related to three main oceanographic phenomena that are likely affecting the dispersal of common dolphins: (1) regional oceanographic circulation, (2) localised and seasonal upwellings, and (3) seasonal on-shelf circulation in protected coastal habitats. Signals of selection at exonic gene regions suggest that adaptive divergence is related to important metabolic traits. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first seascape genomics study for common dolphins (genus Delphinus). Information from the associations between populations and their environment can assist population management in forecasting the adaptive capacity of common dolphins to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts.
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