Vagus nerve dysfunction has a central pathogenic role in the pathophysiology of the post-COVID condition TheLancet vagus vagusnerve nerve longcovid postcovidcondition PCC postcovid
By Neha MathurJun 21 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study posted to Preprints with The Lancet* server, a team of researchers performed an extensive database search to identify studies providing consistent data on structural and functional alterations in organs and body parts innervated by the vagus nerve in subjects with post-coronavirus disease 2019 condition , also known as long COVID.
Background PCC or long-COVID affects at least 5 to 10% of individuals who survive acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The vagus nerve innervates the main sites primarily affected by PPC, e.g., the pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. All study participants had at least one vagus nerve-related symptom, e.g., dysphonia, dysphagia, dyspnea, tachycardia, cough, orthostatic hypotension, GI tract perturbations, dizziness, or neurocognitive issues, from the WHO-specified list.
Results Of 341 participants with PCC, most were women with a pre-COVID-19 history of allergies. Also, 67% of participants had one or more vagus nerve-related symptoms, with more symptoms prevalent in individuals with PCC than in COVID-19-recovered and SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals, i.e., the other two study groups.
Similar changes occur during vagus nerve inflammation. Also, subjects with Guillain-Barré syndrome have structural changes in the vagus nerve and cervical spinal roots. Neural or perineural thickening observed in lateral neck ultrasound suggested SARS-CoV-2-induced direct and indirect nerve damage, i.e., neuroinflammatory response.
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