How to identify the root causes of our nightmares and make them stop before they can do long-term damage to our cognitive health
Animal studies support a role for bottom-up mechanisms involving the brainstem, especially those controlling the autonomic nervous system.
A recent study confirmed that frequent nightmares were associated with emotional dysregulation and altered autonomic activity. Subjects who reported more nightmares exhibited enhanced heart rates during all sleep stages and significantly reduced parasympathetic activity. The mechanisms involved in the origin of dreams remain one of the great unknowns in science. Dreams are typically viewed as fascinating, but largely irrelevant, mental epiphenomena of thebrain with questionable functional relevance. Despite the many dreams people experience each night, most are lost into oblivion. But not all. Nightmares are remembered intensely and often reappear on subsequent nights.
Nightmares are vivid, distressing dreams that usually cause the sleeper to awaken abruptly with a clear recall of the details. Fortunately, only a small percentage of the general population experience weekly nightmares. Psychologists believe that nightmares may be an indicator of psychopathological processes given that they are more common inpopulations.
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