Our understanding of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has grown significantly over the last decade; the definition of ADHD is changing.
ADHD-related executive function impairments are due primarily to a “chemical imbalance” in the brain.The term “chemical imbalance in the brain” is often used to explain impairments of ADHD. This suggests that there are chemicals floating around in the cerebral spinal fluid that surrounds the brain that are not in correct proportions, as though there were too much salt in the soup. This assumption is wrong.
Persons with ADHD tend not to release enough of these essential chemicals, or to release and reload them too quickly, before an adequate connection has been made. Medications used to treat ADHD help to improve this process.Recent research has identified a gene that causes executive function problems in persons with ADHD.
Second, experiments comparing performance of children with ADHD with matched controls or when on placebo, in comparison to prescribed medication, have shown that when on appropriate medication, children with ADHD tend to minimize inappropriate classroom behavior and control their behavior more like typical children in their class.
Third, a large number of clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of ADHD medications versus placebo for alleviation of ADHD impairments in both children and adults have demonstrated that these medications, both stimulants and some non-stimulants, produce robust improvements in a large percentage of patients with ADHD. Most of these clinical trials have useddiagnostic criteria for ADHD, but some have tested medications against the wider range of ADHD.
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