COVID-19 measures: How strict do they need to be?
]. These studies highlight that it is important to model the evolution of behavioral responses, as they can lead to important qualitative, not just quantitative, changes in pandemic dynamics. The canonical behavioral response depends on the perceived risk of infection and severity; for instance, consumers changed their shopping habits predominantly of their own volition, not due to legal restrictions [].
]. Low trust between citizens and government institutions may lead citizens to view their government’s portrayal of the situation with skepticism, and may encourage governments to impose stricter restrictions in anticipation of its citizens exhibiting a weaker behavioral response.
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Malaria and the incidence of COVID-19 in Africa: an ecological study - BMC Infectious DiseasesBackground It has been shown that stimulation of innate immunity may provide temporary protection against a variety of infectious diseases. Malaria has been shown to induce a robust innate immune response. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that if the cumulative number of cases diagnosed with COVID-19 per 100,000 population was correlated with the prevalence of malaria in African countries where both malaria and COVID-19 were prevalent. Methods In this ecological study, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and the prevalence of malaria were compared in 53 African countries. A negative binomial regression analysis with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 as the dependent variable, and the human development index (HDI) and the prevalence of malaria, as independent variables, were used. Results The mean cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 522 cases per 100,000. Each 0.1 unit increase in HDI was associated with 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval 1.8–3.1) increase in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19. Prevalence of malaria was also independently associated with the cumulative incidence; each 10% increase in the prevalence was associated with 28% (10–41%) decrease in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19. Conclusions Malaria might protect people against SARS-CoV-2 through the stimulation of innate immunity. Stimulation of the innate immune system could be the first line of defense in the pandemic preparedness arsenal.
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Potential molecular mechanisms of chronic fatigue in long haul COVID and other viral diseases - Infectious Agents and CancerHistorically, COVID-19 emerges as one of the most devastating diseases of humankind, which creates an unmanageable health crisis worldwide. Until now, this disease costs millions of lives and continues to paralyze human civilization's economy and social growth, leaving an enduring damage that will take an exceptionally long time to repair. While a majority of infected patients survive after mild to moderate reactions after two to six weeks, a growing population of patients suffers for months with severe and prolonged symptoms of fatigue, depression, and anxiety. These patients are no less than 10% of total COVID-19 infected individuals with distinctive chronic clinical symptomatology, collectively termed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or more commonly long-haul COVID. Interestingly, Long-haul COVID and many debilitating viral diseases display a similar range of clinical symptoms of muscle fatigue, dizziness, depression, and chronic inflammation. In our current hypothesis-driven review article, we attempt to discuss the molecular mechanism of muscle fatigue in long-haul COVID, and other viral diseases as caused by HHV6, Powassan, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and HIV. We also discuss the pathological resemblance of virus-triggered muscle fatigue with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Graphical Abstract
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In pictures: Historic HMS Caroline preparing to welcome public back after CovidThe First World War battleship has been berthed in Belfast for almost 99 years
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Dietary inflammation linked to worse outcomes in COVID-19The theme of food-related inflammation has been dominant over the past decade. As a result, new tools have emerged to measure this state as well as to strengthen its association with adverse health outcomes. A new report looks at dietary inflammation and its effect on rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severity, and death.
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Lancashire's Covid picture as England cases rise for first time this yearInfections peaked at 3.0 million at the end of December
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Fear and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with new alcohol use disorder diagnosesResearchers explored the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and new diagnoses of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the two years since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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