Gut bacteria may contribute to delirium in elderlypatients after surgery
]. These pre-clinical data suggest that gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis and serve as a biomarker of postoperative delirium. However, to our knowledge, no clinical studies have shown the association between gut microbiota and postoperative delirium in patients.
This prospective observational cohort study aimed to investigate the association between changes in postoperative gut microbiota and postoperative delirium in patients. Specifically, we aimed to test the hypothesis that alterations in gut microbiota may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium. The findings of this study could advance our understanding of the risk factors, biomarkers, pathogenesis, and potential interventions for postoperative delirium in patients.
Patients were excluded from participation if they had any of the followings: past medical history of neurological and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease , other forms of dementia, stroke, or psychosis; severe visual or hearing impairments; current smokers; or taking antibiotics within one week of surgery. Trained clinical research coordinators approached eligible patients for participation during preoperative clinic visits.
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Unlocking the gut clock: How circadian rhythms and gut microbiota team up to impact human healthUnlocking the gut clock: How circadian rhythms and gut microbiota team up to impact human health CircadianRhythm Depression Diet Food Metabolism Metabolites Nutrition Chronotype microbiome Els_Nutrition UNI_FIRENZE
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Association of gut microbial dysbiosis with disease severity, response to therapy and disease outcomes in Indian patients with COVID-19 - Gut PathogensBackground Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic hyper-inflammation. An adaptive interaction between gut microbiota and host immune systems is important for intestinal homeostasis and systemic immune regulation. The association of gut microbial composition and functions with COVID-19 disease severity is sparse, especially in India. We analysed faecal microbial diversity and abundances in a cohort of Indian COVID-19 patients to identify key signatures in the gut microbial ecology in patients with severe COVID-19 disease as well as in response to different therapies. The composition of the gut microbiome was characterized using 16Sr RNA gene sequences of genomic DNA extracted from faecal samples of 52 COVID-19 patients. Metabolic pathways across the groups were predicted using PICRUSt2. All statistical analyses were done using Vegan in the R environment. Plasma cytokine abundance at recruitment was measured in a multiplex assay. Results The gut microbiome composition of mild and severe patients was found to be significantly different. Immunomodulatory commensals, viz. Lachnospiraceae family members and Bifidobacteria producing butyrate and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were under represented in patients with severe COVID-19, with an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens like Eggerthella. The higher abundance of Lachnoclostridium in severe disease was reduced in response to convalescent plasma therapy. Specific microbial genera showed distinctive trends in enriched metabolic pathways, strong correlations with blood plasma cytokine levels, and associative link to disease outcomes. Conclusion Our study indicates that, along with SARS-CoV-2, a dysbiotic gut microbial community may also play an important role in COVID-19 severity through modulation of host immune responses.
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A novel approach to quantify personal information contained within gut metagenome dataA novel approach to quantify personal information contained within gut metagenome data NatureMicrobiol gutmicrobiome information metagenome data
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Centenarians have a diverse gut virome with the potential to modulate metabolism and promote healthy lifespan - Nature MicrobiologyCentenarians have a diverse population of gut bacteriophages, a subset of which encode sulfate metabolism genes and may promote healthy aging.
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Maternal Western diet mediates susceptibility of offspring to Crohn’s-like colitis by deoxycholate generation - MicrobiomeBackground The Western dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of fats and sugars, has been strongly associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the potential impact of maternal obesity or prenatal exposure to a Western diet on offspring’s susceptibility to CD remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of a maternal high-fat/high-sugar Western-style diet (WD) on offspring’s susceptibility to 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced Crohn’s-like colitis. Methods Maternal dams were fed either a WD or a normal control diet (ND) for eight weeks prior to mating and continued throughout gestation and lactation. Post-weaning, the offspring were subjected to WD and ND to create four groups: ND-born offspring fed a normal diet (N–N) or Western diet (N-W), and WD-born offspring fed a normal (W–N) or Western diet (W-W). At eight weeks of age, they were administered TNBS to induce a CD model. Results Our findings revealed that the W–N group exhibited more severe intestinal inflammation than the N–N group, as demonstrated by a lower survival rate, increased weight loss, and a shorter colon length. The W–N group displayed a significant increase in Bacteroidetes, which was accompanied by an accumulation of deoxycholic acid (DCA). Further experimentation confirmed an increased generation of DCA in mice colonized with gut microbes from the W–N group. Moreover, DCA administration aggravated TNBS-induced colitis by promoting Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1beta (IL-1β) production in macrophages. Importantly, the deletion of GSDMD effectively restrains the effect of DCA on TNBS-induced colitis. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that a maternal Western-style diet can alter gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism in mouse offspring, leading to an increased susceptibility to CD-like colitis. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the long-term consequen
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